These are two pictures of sunset. They are both beautiful and poetic, but the colors are different. Have you found the difference between them? In fact, the first one is the sunset seen by most people, while the second one is the scene seen by a small number of people.
Color discrimination is closely related to our life and work and is one of the basic visual functions. A small number of people distinguish color perception in different ways from most people, and medicine generally believes that their color discrimination ability is abnormal.
So what exactly is the abnormal color discrimination? What impact will it bring to our life? Can it be corrected?
In fact, the world seen by people we usually call color weak or color blind is not very dull, but just like the second picture at the beginning. Although the world they see is different from most people, it is equally wonderful.
The color is also very [subjective]!
Color is a subjective feeling caused by visible light. Visible light refers to the light that we can see at ordinary times and has a certain wavelength range. Just like the audio of sound, we cannot hear the high-frequency sound range that mice can hear. We cannot see it beyond the range of visible light.
Different wavelengths of light exist objectively in the objective world. Light itself has no color, but through a series of neural transmission and transformation processes in our brain, people can perceive different colors, which is a cognitive phenomenon and a subjective experience. Since it is subjective, it is understood differently by everyone.
Can you really distinguish coral red, vermilion, rose red, purples, rose red and crimson? Can it be arranged correctly according to the regular sequence of tone changes?
At present, there are many examination methods that can detect color vision abnormalities, and the most commonly used screening examination method from childhood should be color blind book, i.e. False homocolor map. The map in the book consists of simple numbers, geometric figures or pictures composed of dots of different colors, which are widely used in the fields of enrollment, recruitment, conscription and clinical practice. This method is convenient, fast and effective.
In fact, the color seen by people with abnormal color vision in their life is also their unique view of color, which is different from the cognition of ordinary people. If people with abnormal color vision occupy the majority of the population in this human society, perhaps normal people are not normal now.
What are the kinds of color vision abnormalities?
According to medicine, Abnormal color discrimination ability is due to congenital heredity or acquired eye diseases causing weakening or loss of color discrimination ability, However, the vast majority of color vision abnormalities are congenital. They belong to X-linked recessive inheritance, with more males than females, and most of them are inherited from other generations. Congenital color vision abnormalities can be divided into trichromatic, dichromatic and monochromatic. We know that any color can be obtained by mixing the three primary colors in different proportions.
People are used to calling the medical definition of abnormal color discrimination ability [color blindness].
- Tricolor Viewer: It is the lightest abnormal color discrimination ability. It means that the color wavelength used in color matching is somewhat different from that used by normal people. This is what is called color weakness in medicine. For example, red weakness requires more red to be the same as normal people. Dichotomist: only two colors can be used to match all colors, such as red and green blindness. Unichromist: there is no tone, there is light and shade change but there is no color difference.
These professions need to check for color vision abnormalities.
The abnormal color vision examination of occupations appeared at the end of the 19th century, and many occupations could not be held by people with weak color and color blindness. Therefore, we will see the “color blindness examination” as a physical examination item in enrollment and recruitment. For example:
- Chemical industry: it is necessary to distinguish the colors of reagents and solvents to observe chemical reactions; Textile Industry: Need to Choose Textile Color; Foundry industry: it is necessary to observe the melting degree and temperature of metals by distinguishing colors. Transportation: Railway workers need to distinguish the color of flags or signal lights.
For example, in the Second World War, the Japanese army began to let pilots with abnormal color vision perform tasks at night, although there is no evidence to prove that pilots with abnormal color vision have more advantages in the night environment.
Among medical practitioners, People with abnormal color vision may miss or misjudge some clinical symptoms, Such as rash, jaundice, abnormal blood and eye fundus examination, but there is no evidence to prove that abnormal color vision can cause bad results, and there is no restriction on doctors to have abnormal color vision in Britain. There are still many professions that abnormal color vision can engage in.
Can color vision abnormality be cured?
On the market, we see many ways to [cure and correct] color vision abnormalities. One way is to wear colored glasses or colored contact lenses. They are often worn on one eye to compare the surrounding environment with each other to increase the sensitivity of color perception. Interestingly, many people with abnormal color perception find that their color perception has obviously improved subjectively, but it cannot reach the color perception of normal people.
Color vision is a subjective feeling, and patients only have another experience after wearing colored glasses, which cannot really cure color blindness.
At present, many researchers have carried out gene therapy on primates or mice through viral vectors. And some progress has been made. Perhaps one day, color blindness can be successfully cured by intraocular injection. However, this method is still controversial. Some researchers say that this primate cannot distinguish red balls from green balls, nor can it distinguish red balls from green balls in a gray background.
Therefore, at present, we have not seen any particularly effective method that can truly and completely cure color vision abnormalities.
After the above medical science popularization, As we already know, The so-called color weakness and color blindness compatriots are caused by the inconsistent mixing ratio of primary colors with ordinary people, just like when we use Photoshop to change a picture into warm or cold colors, compared with normal colors, we can also distinguish the outline, details and content of objects, but we just have different understanding of colors.
Parrots seen by normal people are colorful, In the world of color blindness and color weakness, parrots are also colorful. They can even see different color effects from ordinary people, but everyone has different understanding of color. Xiaobian believes that this is God’s gift to them to discover another kind of eyes that discover beauty and see all the different fireworks in this world.