Is what a female sterilization operation?
Female sterilization refers to tubal sterilization, which prevents sperm and egg from meeting in the tubal part through surgery or surgery combined with artificial methods such as drugs, thus achieving the purpose of sterilization. The methods include tubal ligation, cutting, resection, electrocoagulation, tubal clamp, ring sleeve, drug blocking of tubal lumen, etc.
Advantages: The contraceptive failure rate is lower than 1%, which is a safe and permanent contraceptive measure and has certain reversibility.
Disadvantages: There is a contraceptive failure rate. If pregnant, the risk of ectopic pregnancy increases. If there is a plan to give birth again, it is necessary to perform tubal recanalization again, which cannot guarantee the pregnancy rate after operation. Research shows that after tubal recanalization, the estimated pregnancy rate for women younger than 35 is 63%. The pregnancy rate of 35 ~ 40 women is 44%. Only 5% of women over 40 years old.
Contraceptive effect: After female sterilization, the contraceptive failure rate for 5-10 years is less than 1%, which is a safe and permanent contraceptive measure.
Applicable population:
1. Fully understand that women who have considered and voluntarily undergo sterilization can undergo sterilization after eliminating relative contraindications;
2. Women suffering from serious systemic diseases who are not suitable for childbirth and undergo therapeutic sterilization.
What are the ways of surgery?
There are three main surgical approaches: transabdominal, laparoscopic and transvaginal.
Both abdominal surgery and laparoscopic surgery enter the abdominal cavity first and then find the fallopian tube for operation.
During abdominal surgery, our country usually adopts the method of core pulling and proximal embedding, which requires cutting off 1 ~ 1.5 cm fallopian tubes and ligating both ends.
In laparoscopic surgery, Hulka clip clamp or Falope ring ring is mainly used to block the passage of fallopian tube. Bipolar electrocoagulation can also be used to cauterize the isthmus of fallopian tube for 1 ~ 2cm. Some scholars have compared the failure rate of electrocoagulation, which is 1.9 ‰, silica ring 3.3 ‰ and spring clamp 27.1 ‰, but the use of spring clamp and silica ring has less tissue damage and higher recanalization probability.
Transvaginal surgery is especially suitable for very obese women who have undergone umbilical hernia repair surgery or suffer from umbilical hernia. Pull the fallopian tube out through the posterior vaginal fornix incision and block the fallopian tube by ring, clip or electrocoagulation.
Are there any side effects?
Side effects: Sterilization is an surgical treatment. Side effects are mainly related to surgery and mainly include the following types:
1. Hemorrhage and hematoma are caused by excessive pulling of fallopian tubes or mesosalpian tubes during operation, or by ligation and relaxation of blood vessels on wound surface.
2. Infection, including abdominal wound, pelvic cavity and systemic infection, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.
3. Organ injury occurs during the operation, such as bladder and intestinal canal injury.
Are there contraindications and precautions for what?
Contraindications: The whole body is in poor condition and cannot tolerate surgery; Severe neurosis.
Relative contraindications:
1. Acute reproductive tract and pelvic infection, abdominal skin infection;
2. A body temperature of 37.5 degrees or above at intervals of 4 hours within 24 hours;
3. Acute phase of various diseases.
Sterilization should be performed after the above conditions are cured.
Note:
Female sterilization must be fully considered, voluntary and fully aware of the risks and benefits, which will help reduce postoperative regrets.
Before operation, hematuria routine, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, leucorrhea routine and other examinations should be carried out, and the operation can only be carried out after there is no abnormality.
How to choose the operation time?
Non-pregnant women are advised to do so within 3-7 days after menstruation is clean.
After induced abortion, after the termination of the second trimester pregnancy and after full-term normal delivery, surgery can be performed. During cesarean section, surgery can be performed at the same time. Women who have dystocia or are suspected of having intrapartum infection need to be hospitalized for observation, and surgery will be performed when there is no abnormal situation.
For breast-feeding or amenorrhea women, surgery can be performed after pregnancy is excluded.
Author: Hu Rong