Manifestations of hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipidemia is often asymptomatic and is not easily detected by people. It is often only during blood tests that dyslipidemia, elevation of triglyceride, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and decrease of high density lipoprotein are found.
Some patients with increased blood lipid may have xanthoma on the skin, but xanthoma in other parts (tendon, elbow, knee, hip or ankle, etc.) is relatively hidden and not easy to detect except xanthoma in eyelid.
Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
1. Lifestyle interventions
It mainly includes diet and exercise adjustment. Specific measures include:
- Reduce saturated fats and trans fatty acids, Reduce total energy: Encourage intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of fish or fish oil capsules, Phytosterol supplements should be selected appropriately. Phytosterols are widely found in vegetable oils and vegetable foods. Such as rice bran oil, corn oil, sesame oil, vegetables, fruits, beans, nuts and grains. Adjust the diet: Strictly control saturated fat and meat products, Proper control of refined carbohydrate foods, For example, refined white rice flour, cakes, candy, sugar-containing fruit juice, etc. Ensure the intake of fresh vegetables and fruits. Pay attention to cooking methods: When cooking, it is best to use steaming, boiling, stewing, braising, mixing, etc., Reduce methods such as frying and frying, Reduce the amount of oil used in cooking. Moderately limited sodium salt: Daily intake of no more than 6 g (9 g for a mineral water bottle cap, 4g for a beer bottle cap), Include monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, preservatives, pickles, pickled food (salted eggs, bacon, pickled fish, pickled vegetables, moldy tofu, etc.), salt in condiments, Advocate to eat high potassium and low sodium salt (with caution for patients with renal insufficiency). Moderate drinking: It should vary from person to person, And get the doctor’s consent. Non-drinkers, Moderate drinking is not recommended. If you have drinking habits, It is recommended that men drink no more than 25 g of alcohol per day. It is equivalent to 50 mL of 50-degree white wine, 75 mL of 38-degree white wine, 250 mL of wine, or 750 mL of beer. Women should halve. If triglycerides are significantly increased, alcohol should be abstained. Eat a small amount of more than one meal, avoid oversatiation, avoid smoking and strong tea. Control body weight and moderate physical activity: moderate intensity aerobic exercise ≥ 30 minutes a day, 5-7 days a week. It is best not to exceed 1 day at intervals.
2. Medication
Apply lipid-regulating drugs under the guidance of doctors. Common lipid-regulating drugs include statins, betes, nicotinic acid, resins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, probucol, n-3 fatty acids, n-3 (-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.
Prevention of Hyperlipidemia
The prevention of hyperlipidemia should pay attention to the following points:
1. Balanced diet, eat more vegetables and fruits, less oil and less salt.
2. Exercise to avoid obesity.