People have a 20% chance of getting cancer in their lifetime.
Cancer has ranked second in the cause of death in China.
More than 1.6 million people in China are diagnosed with cancer and 1.2 million people die of cancer every year.
Ding Dang seemed to hear someone covering his ears and shaking his head: Don’t listen, don’t listen, the monk chanted sutras, and then he turned off the article and left.
Don’t be too bored, because as the saying goes, important things have to be said 300 times, but today they have only been said three times or less.
No kidding, Ding Dang asked Dr. Ding Chao of Zhejiang Tumor Hospital to talk about which cancers can be found as early as possible, which is what the profession calls “cancer screening”.
Colon Cancer: The 5th Most Incidence Cancer in China
Everyone has a 1/20 chance of developing colon cancer in his life. If colon cancer is found early, the 5-year survival rate of patients can be increased to 90%.
Over 50 years old, both men and women need to do one of the following screening:
- Check colonoscopy every 10 years. Check sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. Check barium meal examination every 5 years. Check CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) every 5 years. Check stool DNA every 3 years. Check fecal occult blood test based on guaiac resin every year. Check stool immunochemical test every year.
Breast Cancer: The Highest Cancer Incidence in Chinese Women
Some people may not know that men’s breasts are not only used to distinguish the positive from the negative, but also men may get breast cancer.
Generally speaking, women over the age of 20 can check their mammary glands through their own observation and touch.
For example, you can often look at whether there are secretions on the nipples, the size and shape of the breasts, whether there are abnormal conditions on the skin of the breasts (such as orange peel-like changes), and whether there are hard lumps.
However, most of the abnormalities found only by oneself [taking a look and touching] have nothing to do with breast cancer, so don’t panic when you feel something is wrong after [touching].
What everyone needs to do is to go to the hospital for further examination as soon as possible after finding abnormalities, such as breast B-ultrasound examination (mammography examination can be selected for high-risk groups).
Cervical cancer: China accounts for 1/3 of the world’s new cases every year,
China is a big country with cervical cancer.
Most cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmitted virus, human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer screening is to detect HPV infection, precancerous lesions or early cervical cancer.
According to the latest recommendation of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the cervical screening process is as follows:
- For women who do not have any symptoms, it is recommended to start screening at the age of 21. No matter whether they have sex history or not, unless they have been diagnosed with AIDS, women younger than 21 do not need screening.
-
21 ~ 29 years old, it is recommended to have TCT examination (i.e. Exfoliated cytology examination) every 3 years. FDA believes that HPV examination can also be done separately for women over 25 years old.
-
30 ~ 65 years old, can choose to do TCT and HPV combined examination every 5 years, or choose to continue to do a separate TCT examination every 3 years, in short, it is not recommended to do HPV examination alone.
-
If no lesions are found in continuous screening, the screening may be stopped around the age of 65, but the results of the previous 3 TCT examinations or 2 combined examinations shall be guaranteed to be good.
-
Some high-risk women may need to be screened more frequently, such as immune deficiency, HIV infection, etc., and doctors need to be informed to make judgments.
It should be reminded that there are many types of HPV, some of which are high-risk types and some of which are low-risk types. All women who have sex are likely to be infected, so we should not find out that HPV is too nervous to sleep.
Most of the time, the low-risk HPV is just a passer-by and will not cause much impact on the body. In most cases, it can be removed by its own immunity.
When HPV cannot be removed and high-risk viruses continue to be infected, it is more likely to be transformed into cervical cancer.
At present, the cancer screening that ordinary healthy people can do is the above three kinds. Let’s look at the cancer screening that only needs to be carried out for high-risk groups.
Lung Cancer: The Most Incidence Cancer in China
A terrible fact is that most lung cancer patients are in advanced stage when they are found, and the therapeutic effect is not good.
If you are 55-74 years old, have a 30-pack history of smoking, and are currently smoking or quitting smoking for less than 15 years, the risk of lung cancer is very high. It is recommended to check low-dose chest CT once a year.
Does this [Baonian] mean what? It is to multiply the number of packs you smoke every day by the number of years you have smoked. For example, if you smoke 3 packs a day for 10 years, that is 30 packs a day.
In addition to colon cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer, common liver cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer also have corresponding examination methods, which can detect minor changes [that may become cancer] at an early stage, or detect early and asymptomatic cancers.
The seven cancers mentioned above account for 80% of all cancers in adults.
Cancer prevention starts with regular physical examination.
In addition to cancer screening in the strict sense, the annual routine physical examination can also detect some cancers early.
For example, for physical examination of thyroid gland, oral cavity, lymph nodes and abdomen, doctors can judge whether there is any abnormality through eyes and hands.
For adults over 20 years old, it is recommended to have a routine physical examination once a year.
Finally, it should be emphasized that cancer screening can only provide clues for early detection of cancer and cannot finally diagnose cancer.
Instead of relying too much on cancer screening in physical examination, it is better to change the unhealthy lifestyle earlier and reduce the risk of cancer.
This paragraph is an old saying that there are six key points for cancer prevention:
-
Quit smoking and drinking;
-
A balanced diet;
-
Exercise to keep your weight in a healthy range;
-
Sun protection, reduce direct ultraviolet radiation to the skin;
-
Know your physical condition, the physical condition of your family relatives, and your cancer risk;
-
Adhere to the annual physical examination and ask doctors to help formulate a reasonable cancer screening plan.
身体有小病?点击关注丁香医生, 获得更多健康咨询?
